Sigmoidoscopy (rectoscopy) in Slavuta

What a sigmoidoscopy shows

This test is also called rectoscopy or rectosigmoidoscopy. The sigmoidoscope lets the doctor see the lining of the rectum and the lower part of the sigmoid colon, about 25–30 cm from the anus. The doctor can see inflammation, polyps or tumors in this area and take a biopsy if needed, meaning a tiny piece of tissue for analysis. The anal canal, where internal hemorrhoids sit, is usually examined separately with anoscopy.

A sigmoidoscopy is most often suggested by a proctologist when you have blood, mucus or pain around the anus. Rectal bleeding can come from hemorrhoids, but an anal fissure, polyps and other bowel conditions show up the same way, and they can’t be told apart by eye. So before treating hemorrhoids, the doctor also checks that there is no other cause of bleeding in the rectum, because the right treatment depends on it. You can read more in the article early signs of hemorrhoids.

A sigmoidoscopy shows only the lower part of the large bowel. If the doctor needs to see all of it, for example to look for polyps higher up, they’ll order a colonoscopy. A colonoscopy can be free with an e-referral from your family doctor, while a sigmoidoscopy is paid.

How to prepare for a sigmoidoscopy

Your bowel needs to be empty before the examination. The day before, avoid heavy food, foods that cause bloating, and alcohol. About three hours before the test, have a cleansing enema with 1 liter of plain water or two ready-made mini enemas. If the test is in the morning, come on an empty stomach. Take a shower before your visit. You’ll be given the exact plan when you book.

If you take blood thinners, tell the doctor in advance. They’ll take it into account if a biopsy is needed. Also bring the results of any previous bowel tests.

How the test is done

You lie on your side on a couch or get into a knee-elbow position, as the doctor asks. First the doctor does a digital rectal examination, then gently inserts the sigmoidoscope. To open up the bowel walls, the doctor puts in a little air, and you’ll feel bloated and as if you need to open your bowels. This is unpleasant but usually not painful. Breathe calmly, and if it hurts, tell the doctor straight away. The examination itself takes a few minutes. Doctors hear these complaints all the time, so there’s nothing to be embarrassed about.

What happens after a sigmoidoscopy

You can go back to your normal activities and eat as usual right after the examination. You may have some bloating and gas for a while. After a biopsy, a little blood sometimes appears. Heavy bleeding, severe abdominal pain or a fever need urgent medical attention, and if bleeding comes with weakness or dizziness, call an ambulance on 103.

The doctor explains what they saw after the examination and decides with you what to do next. If a biopsy was taken, its result will be ready later. If a polyp is found in the rectum, the doctor usually recommends a colonoscopy to check the rest of the bowel. If the cause is hemorrhoids, a Viva Clinic proctologist will choose hemorrhoid treatment to suit the stage. Sigmoidoscopy is done at Viva Clinic in Slavuta, the exact address is confirmed when you book, so you don’t need to travel to Khmelnytskyi or Kyiv for it. You can have other tests there too.